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Staffing issues, offender management and insufficient activities behind rise in violence at once good YOI

ABSTRACTWe examine the interactions between business failures and macroeconomic aggregates, and specifically the accounts of policy‐induced changes in the macroeconomy for the observed fluctuations of UK business failures in the period 1966–2003 using the vector error‐correction model (VECM). The results demonstrate that macroeconomic aggregates, i.e., interest rate, credit, profits, inflation and business births, exert differential impacts on business failures both in the short run and in the long run. The study reveals that structural changes in the financial and real sectors during the examined period have made an impact on the way in which the macroeconomy affects business failures. In particular, business failures are increasingly reacting to monetary policy changes in the post‐1980 period. Furthermore, the shocks to business failures can generate large fluctuations in macroeconomic aggregates, suggesting the importance of corporate balance sheets in financial stability and economic growth. The paper's findings carry policy implications that are related to the survival of firms in distress and finance‐driven business cycles.

A special building is representing the old-stratified scheme occupied before June 1996 or from June 1996 to 11 April 2007 as stated in Strata Titles Act 1985. It is highlighted for the absence of strata title that is resulted from the failure of strata title application. However, even strata title legislation relating to strata title application are improving, the number of strata title applications for special building are still showing deficiencies. Hence, this paper attempts to explain the factors that contribute to the failure of strata title applications for special buildings in Malaysia. Keywords: Special Building; Strata Title Application; Factors; Failures eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i19.3263

Acknowledgments: The team wants to specially thank: Dr. Sabine Hoffmann (Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, EAWAG, Switzerland), Professor em. Julie Thompson Klein, and Dr. Flurina Schneider (Centre for Development and Environment, University of Bern, Switzerland) for their support and input in different phases of the study. We are grateful to the OpenAire team (Harry Dimitropoulos and Claudio Atzori) for providing the metadata for the analysis and to Pozna? Supercomputing and Networking Center (Juliusz Pukacki and Cezary Mazurek) for providing the virtual R-Studio machine capable of crunching data analysed in this project. ; This report presents findings from a literature review and survey undertaken as part of the SHAPE-ID Horizon 2020 project (https://www.shapeid.eu), which addresses the challenge of improving interdisciplinary research (IDR) and transdisciplinary research (TDR) between Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences (AHSS) and Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Medicine (STEMM) disciplines. One of SHAPE-ID?s first objectives was to review existing research on IDR/TDR. Through an extensive evidence-scanning exercise drawing on previous work undertaken and complemented by a survey and interviews, the project aimed: (i) to disentangle the different understandings of interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity; (ii) to identify the factors that hinder or help inter- and transdisciplinary collaboration; (iii) to clarify which understandings of IDR/TDR and which factors of success and failure are specifically relevant for integrating AHSS in IDR/TDR. ; This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 822705.

The Russian spelling reform of 1917-1918 was very successful - so successful that many young Russians, when confronted with a pre-1917 Russian text, do not know how to read , or . However, many reforms of writing systems have not met with success. Among them are the 1930 attempt to convert Russian to the Latin alphabet; the Second Chinese Character Simplification Scheme of 1977, which the PRC government had to withdraw in 1986; the French spelling reform of 1990, which is still ignored by most of the public; and the Latinization of Uzbek of 1993-1995, gether fifteen years, has not been implemented by newspapers and magazines. This paper examines a range of writing reforms (script reforms, spelling reforms, and glyphic reforms) - mainly from the Slavic and post-Soviet area - to determine which factors influence the success or failure of a reform and to what extent. Among the factors considered are the orthographic principles touched by the reform; the motivation for it; the scientific arguments put forward in the discussion; the semiotic values associated with the reformed writing system; the timing; the political system of the country; and the literacy rate of the speech community. The results of this analysis might be a bit disillusioning for us as linguists because linguistic factors turn out to play a very minor role compared to extralinguistic factors. In fact, the most decisive factor seems to be timing.

The Russian spelling reform of 1917-1918 was very successful – so successful that many young Russians, when confronted with a pre-1917 Russian text, do not know how to read 〈ѣ〉, 〈ѳ〉 or 〈ея〉. However, many reforms of writing systems have not met with success. Among them are the 1930 attempt to convert Russian to the Latin alphabet; the Second Chinese Character Simplification Scheme of 1977, which the PRC government had to withdraw in 1986; the French spelling reform of 1990, which is still ignored by most of the public; and the Latinisation of Uzbek of 1993-1995, which, even twenty years later and after the end of the twice extended 'transitional period' of altogether fifteen years, has not been implemented by newspapers and magazines. This paper examines a range of writing reforms (script reforms, spelling reforms, and glyphic reforms) – mainly from the Slavic and post-Soviet area – to determine which factors influence the success or failure of a reform and to what extent. Among the factors considered are the orthographic principles touched by the reform; the motivation for it; the scientific arguments put forward in the discussion; the semiotic values associated with the reformed writing system; the timing; the political system of the country; and the literacy rate of the speech community. The results of this analysis might be a bit disillusioning for us as linguists because linguistic factors turn out to play a very minor role compared to extralinguistic factors. In fact, the most decisive factor seems to be timing.

Purpose
This study aims to examine the dimensions of organisational failure in the Brazilian sugarcane and ethanol refineries, as reported in judicial recovery plans.


Design/methodology/approach
This paper follows a qualitative, inductive approach that uses content analysis to examine the details of recovery plans. Besides, a cause-and-effect relationship diagram is proposed, making it possible to identify the interconnections between the identified variables.


Findings
There is evidence that organisational failures are not a linear outcome. Organisational failures are complex and occur because of several factors, often interdependent and operating at different levels.


Research limitations/implications
Organisational failures basically have three interrelated levels: the macro-level (external environment), the meso-level (organisational environment) and the micro-level (associated with the decision-maker). The relationship between these levels is not trivial and involves coordinated research efforts.


Practical implications
Organisations must consider all types of failure levels when developing business reorganisation plans. Reorganisation plans are more than a formal document to achieve judicial recovery, as they should incorporate strategic factors.


Social implications
Organisational failures are regularity in organisations' day-to-day. Understanding failure's sources is vital to design firms' strategies and public policies.


Originality/value
The study of organisational failure involves the analysis of complex and multidimensional phenomena. Judicial recovery plans are the means for companies to get a second chance. To that end, this paper addresses the sources of organisational failures through the lens of judicial plans.

Despite various advantages of Knowledge Management Systems (KMS), a number of factors have been said to be responsible for its failure. The study aims to investigate the reasons of failure in implementation of KMS in Malaysia. Knowledge managers of listed companies in Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchanges (KLSE) constitute the sample society of the study. For analysis of data and testing hypotheses, T-Student Test and Friedman are employed. The results show that expert knowledge, economic factors, infrastructures, rules and regulations, political factors and organizational and managerial factors contribute to failure of attempts for implementation of KMS in Malaysia. Also, in prioritizing the factors, it was highlighted that professional knowledge is the factor with first priority, and, rules and regulations represent the last priority.